Fig. 1. Normal fed-state gains and fasted-state losses in skeletal muscle protein balance (synthesis minus breakdown). Note that the area under the curve in the fed state (I) would be equivalent to the fasted loss area under the curve (II); hence, skeletal muscle mass is maintained by feeding. B. Fed-state gains and fasted-state losses in skeletal muscle protein balance with performance of resistance exercise. In this scenario, fasted state gains are enhanced by an amount equivalent to the stimulation of protein synthesis brought about by exercise (III). Additionally, fasted-state losses appear to be less (IV), due to persistent stimulation of protein synthesis in the fasted state. Reproduced from reference [16] with permission.