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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 17, No. 1, 59-64 (1998)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Original Paper

Dietary Calcium and Blood Pressure in a Native American Population

K.M. Venkat Narayan, MD, Robert L. Hanson, MD, Cynthia J. Smith, PhD, Robert G. Nelson, MD, Stacey B. Gyenizse, RD, David J. Pettitt, MD and William C. Knowler, MD

Diabetes and Arthritis Epidemiology Section, Phoenix Epidemiology and Clinical Research Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Phoenix, Arizona

Objective: To assess the relationship between dietary calcium and blood pressure.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of 404 adult Pima Indians of Arizona. Dietary variables were assessed by the 24-hour recall. Hypertension (HTN) was defined as systolic blood pressure (SBP) >=140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) >=90 mmHg or drug treatment.

Results: Controlled for age and sex, dietary calcium intake was higher in subjects with HTN than in those without (p<0.01), and higher dietary calcium was associated with a higher prevalence of HTN (odds ratio comparing highest with lowest tertile group of calcium=2.6, 95% CI 1.4–4.8). Age-sex-adjusted mean DBP in low, middle and high tertiles of calcium was 74, 76, and 79 mmHg, respectively (p<0.001). SBP was not significantly different in the three tertiles (p=0.07). Multiple regression analyses that controlled for age, sex, body mass index, sodium, potassium and alcohol also suggested a positive association between DBP and dietary calcium (p<0.01), an association which was stronger at higher glucose concentrations (p<0.01 for the calcium-glucose interaction).

Conclusion: In Pima Indians, a population with a high incidence of diabetes, the inverse association between dietary calcium and blood pressure reported in other populations was not found.

Key words: blood pressure, hypertension, calcium, dietary, diabetes mellitus, Pima Indians






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Copyright © 1998 by the American College of Nutrition.