| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Original Research |
Department of Diet and Nutrition (G.S.R., G.D.), Metabolic Bone Diseases Unit, Haifa, ISRAEL
Department of Endocrinology (D.D., S.I.-S.), Rambam Medical Center, Haifa, ISRAEL
Department of Community Medicine and Epidemiology, Carmel Medical Center (G.R., H.S.R.), Haifa, ISRAEL
Address reprint requests to: G.S. Rozen, R.D., Ph.D., Clinical Nutrition Department, Rambam Medical Center, P.O.B. 9602, Haifa 31096, ISRAEL Email address: rgeila{at}rambam.health.gov.il
Objective: To determine the possible relationship between food and life style habits and bone health in adolescent Israeli females.
Methods: 2,000 adolescent Israeli Jewish and Arab high-school girls (mean age 14.5) completed a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire and a personal history questionnaire. 27 food components were calculated for each subject. Bone mineral content and density were determined for 112 subjects with calcium intake below 800 mg/day.
Results: Average calcium intake was found to be 1,260 mg/day, but 20% of all girls had a calcium intake below 800 mg/day. All low-energy diets were very low in calcium, as mean calcium intake per 1,000 calories was 411±128 grams. A large percentage of diets with less than 800 mg calcium were also deficient in phosphorus (95.2%), magnesium (84.8%), iron (90.5%) and zinc (100%). Due to differences in food sources, Jewish girls had more phosphorus in their diet, but less magnesium and iron compared to Arab girls. Calcium and zinc deficiencies in Jewish and Arab diets were similar. A negative correlation was found between body mass index (BMI) and age at menarche for all girls in the study. Bone mineral density (BMD) measured for girls with calcium intake below 800 mg/day distributed normally around the average when compared to age matched controls despite their low calcium intake. There was a strong positive correlation between BMD and bone mineral content (BMC) at all sites and body weights.
Conclusions: Low calcium intake, other nutritional deficiencies and delayed menarche due to low-energy diet in the growing period and in adolescence may prevent the formation of healthy bones. There is no evidence of lower bone mass among the low calcium intake group in the study population at this stage. It remains to be documented if the window of opportunity for optimal bone accretion for this group will be missed in the future, possibly leading to increased risk of osteoporosis.
Key words: dietary calcium, double-blind method, bone development, bone density, adolescents, body weight, energy intake, Israeli, Arab
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  G. S Rozen, G. Rennert, R. P Dodiuk-Gad, H. S Rennert, N. Ish-Shalom, G. Diab, B. Raz, and S. Ish-Shalom Calcium supplementation provides an extended window of opportunity for bone mass accretion after menarche Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2003; 78(5): 993 - 998. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 E. Segal, L. Dvorkin, A. Lavy, G. S. Rozen, I. Yaniv, B. Raz, A. Tamir, and S. Ish-Shalom Bone Density in Axial and Appendicular Skeleton in Patients with Lactose Intolerance: Influence of Calcium Intake and Vitamin D Status J. Am. Coll. Nutr., June 1, 2003; 22(3): 201 - 207. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. Falk, Z. Bronshtein, L. Zigel, N. W. Constantini, and A. Eliakim Quantitative Ultrasound of the Tibia and Radius in Prepubertal and Early-Pubertal Female Athletes Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med, February 1, 2003; 157(2): 139 - 143. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
