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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 21, No. 6, 530-535 (2002)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Development and Validation of a Stages of Change Algorithm for Calcium Intake for College Female Students

L. J. Tucker, MS, Anastasia M. Snelling, PhD, RD, FACN and Troy B. Adams, PhD

Department of Health and Fitness, American University, Washington, DC (L. J. T., A. M. S.)
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma (T. B. A.)

Address reprint requests to: Anastasia M. Snelling, Ph.D., R.D., Assistant Professor, Department of Health and Fitness, American University, Washington, DC 20016. E-mail: Ssnelli{at}american.edu

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a staging algorithm for calcium intake.

Methods: Three hundred seventy-six college-aged females at a private university were randomly selected to participate. After 8.5% of the data were omitted due to incomplete surveys, the sample consisted of 344 female participants. Calcium intake was measured as self-reported consumption with a 26-item food frequency questionnaire. Stages of change classifications were based on a four-item algorithm for calcium intake, and self-efficacy was measured with three items.

Results: Significant differences were found between calcium intake levels between precontemplation, contemplation/preparation and action/maintenance. Results also showed that 40% of the participants were in action/maintenance and were consuming the Dietary Reference Intake level of 1,000 mg of daily calcium. Participants in the action and maintenance stages had significantly higher self-efficacy than the preaction group.

Conclusion: The study suggests that the stages of change algorithm may be used as an effective tool in assessing daily calcium intake among a college female population.

Key words: transtheoretical model, stages of change, calcium intake, self-efficacy, college females




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