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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 24, No. 4, 229-234 (2005)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Anthropometric Characteristics, Dietary Patterns and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Vietnam

Le Nguyen Trung Duc Son, MD, PhD, Tran Thi Minh Hanh, MD, PhD, Kaoru Kusama, MS, Daisuke Kunii, MS, Tohru Sakai, PhD, Nguyen Thi Kim Hung, MD and Shigeru Yamamoto, PhD

Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, JAPAN (L.N.T.D.S., K.K., D.K., T.S., S.Y.)
Nutrition Center of Ho Chi Minh City, VIETNAM (L.N.T.D.S., T.T.M.H., N.T.K.H.)

Address reprint requests to: Shigeru Yamamoto, PhD, Applied Nutrition Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, The University of Tokushima, 3 Kuramoto, Tokushima City 770-8503, JAPAN. E-mail: syamamoto{at}nutr.med.tokushima-u.ac.jp

Objective: To determine the impact of anthropometric characteristics and dietary patterns on Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Vietnam.

Methods: Data from 144 subjects (9m/39f newly diagnosed diabetics; 18m/78f control subjects) were analyzed in this case-control study. Height, weight, waist and hip circumferences and percent body fat were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 24-hour recall on three non-consecutive weekdays. Fasting blood samples were collected for the analysis of plasma glucose, fructosamine, protein and lipid concentrations.

Results: Although the body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) was similar between diabetic and control subjects, diabetic subjects had significantly greater percent body fat (31.1 ± 5.8% vs. 27.7 ± 6.2%) and waist-hip ratios (WHR, 0.91 ± 0.07 vs. 0.86 ± 0.08). Diabetic subjects had higher intakes of protein (p < 0.01), especially animal protein (p < 0.001), and consumed more meat (p < 0.01) than control subjects. Percent body fat and WHR were positively associated with diabetes (odds ratios [OR] 1.53 [95%CI 1.29–1.79] and 1.09 [95% CI 0.89–1.58], respectively) as were protein intake (OR 1.21 [95% CI 1.12–1.31]) and animal protein intake (OR 1.18 [95% CI 1.10–1.26]).

Conclusions: This study indicates that percent body fat and WHR are risk factors associated with diabetes even when the BMI is normal. Evolving dietary patterns with increasingly more protein and meat consumption may also contribute to the deterioration of glucose metabolism among Vietnamese people.

Key words: body fat, protein intake, diabetes type 2 diabetes mellitus, Vietnam






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