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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 25, No. 6, 486-492 (2006)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Magnesium Intake Is Related to Improved Insulin Homeostasis in the Framingham Offspring Cohort

Marcella E. Rumawas, MD, MS, Nicola M. McKeown, PhD, Gail Rogers, MA, James B. Meigs, MD, MPH, Peter W.F. Wilson, MD, BS and Paul F. Jacques, ScD

Nutritional Epidemiology Program, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University
General Medicine Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
General Clinical Research Center, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina

Address correspondence to: Nicola M. McKeown, PhD, Nutritional Epidemiology Program, JM USDA HNRC at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111-1524. E-mail: nicola.mckeown{at}tufts.edu

Objective: Higher dietary intake of magnesium may protect against development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to examine the association between dietary magnesium intake and metabolic risk factors for diabetes.

Methods: We examined cross-sectional associations between magnesium intake and fasting glucose and insulin, 2-hour post-challenge plasma glucose and insulin, and insulin resistance assessed by the homeostasis model (HOMA-IR) in 1223 men and 1485 women without diabetes from the Framingham Offspring cohort. Magnesium intake was assessed by a food frequency questionnaire and magnesium intake was categorized into quintile categories. Geometric mean insulin, glucose, 2-hour post challenge plasma glucose and insulin concentrations and HOMA-IR were estimated across quintile categories of magnesium intake using Generalized Linear Models.

Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors, magnesium intake was inversely associated with fasting insulin (mean: 29.9 vs 26.7 µU/mL in the lowest vs highest quintiles of magnesium intake; P trend <0.001), post-glucose challenge plasma insulin (86.4 vs 72 µU/mL; P trend <0.001), and HOMA-IR (7.0 vs 6.2; P trend <0.001). No significant association was found between magnesium intake and fasting glucose or 2-hour post challenge glucose.

Conclusions: Improved insulin sensitivity may be one mechanism by which higher dietary magnesium intake may reduce the risk of developing type 2 DM.

Key words: observational, diet, magnesium, insulin, glucose, diabetes






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