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The Effect of Particle Size of Whole-Grain Flour on Plasma Glucose, Insulin, Glucagon and Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone in Humans

The Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, US Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Glucose response of 26 subjects to tolerance tests for glucose or three breads. Least-square means±SEM. Within a collection time, glucose values with different superscripts were significantly different. Glucose was significantly affected by treatment (p<0.02), time (p<0.0001) and treatment-by-time interaction (p<0.0001).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Insulin response of 26 subjects to tolerance tests for glucose or three breads. Least-square means±SEM. Within a collection time, insulin values with different superscripts were significantly different. Insulin was significantly affected by time (p<0.0001) and by treatment-by-time interaction (p<0.001).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Glucagon response of 26 subjects to tolerance tests for glucose or three breads. Least-square means±SEM. Within a collection time, glucagon values with different superscripts were significantly different. Glucagon was significantly affected by treatment (p<0.005), time (p<0.0001) treatment-by-time interaction (p<0.0001).

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) response of 26 subjects to tolerance tests for glucose or three breads. Least-square means±SEM. Within a collection time, TSH values with different superscripts were significantly different. TSH was significantly affected by time (p<0.0001) and by gender-by-time interaction (p<0.0002).