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Eight-Year Longitudinal Changes in Body Composition in Healthy Swiss Adults

Clinical Nutrition (U.G.K., K.M., C.P.)
Clinical Nutrition, Internal Medicine (M.P.-K.)
Geneva University Hospital, Institute of Movement Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva (B.K.)
Geneva, Orthopedics, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne (G.G.), SWITZERLAND

View larger version (25K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Longitudinal changes (mean 8-yr) in fat-free mass (FFM) (black bars) and body fat (BF) (gray bars) in sedentary (S) and active (A) men and women aged <45 and 45 y. Differences were significant for FFM in sedentary versus active women <45 yr (p = 0.02); active men vs active women <45 yr (p = 0.007); and <45 yr vs 45 yr active men (p = 0.02) and sedentary women (p = 0.01; and for BF in sedentary vs active men 45 yr. The ANOVA for FFM, which included sex, age and activity, was significant only for age (<45 versus 45 yr: p < 0.001). There was no interaction between the main effects. The ANOVA for BF was significant only for the interaction between sex and activity (p 0.02). The ANOVA for weight was significantly for age (<45 versus 45 yr: p 0.03) and sex (p 0.02). There was no interaction between the main effects.

View larger version (49K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Prevalence of 8-yr change in fat-free mass (FFM) (top) and body fat (BF) (bottom) in sedentary (S) and active (A) men and women aged <45 yr and 45 yr. Black bars, loss >3%; gray bars, stable; open bars gain >3%. n = number of subjects. Differences (2) between sedentary and active were significant for FFM in women <45 yr, 2 8.8, degrees of freedom, 2; p = 0.01; women 45 yr, 2 7.9, degrees of freedom, 2; p = 0.01. Differences for BF in sedentary versus active were non-significant.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Longitudinal changes (mean 8-yr) in fat-free mass (FFM) (black bars) and body fat (BF) (gray bars) by weight loss category (loss >3%; stable; gain >3%) in <45 yr and 45 yr men and women. The ANOVA for FFM, which included sex, age and weight gain category, was significant for weight gain category (p < 0.001) and age (<45 versus 45 yr: p = 0.03). There was no interaction between the main effects. The ANOVA for BF was significantly for weight gain category (p < 0.001). There was no interaction between the main effects.

View larger version (54K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Prevalence of 3% loss (black bars), stable (gray bars) or 3% gain (open bars) of FFM (top) and BF (bottom) according to 8-yr change in weight (loss >3%, stable, gain >3%). n = number of subjects. Differences (2) between FFM-losing, stable and gaining subjects were significant in men <45 yr, 2 34.7, degrees of freedom, 4; p < 0.001; women <45 yr, 2 11.2, degrees of freedom, 4; p = 0.02; and between BF-losing, stable and gaining subjects were significant in men <45 yr, 2 22.5, degrees of freedom, 4; p < 0.001; women <45 yr, 2 19.9, degrees of freedom, 4; p < 0.001; women 45 yr, 2 15.8, degrees of freedom, 4; p = 0.003.