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Renal And Gastrointestinal Potassium Excretion In Humans: New Insight Based On New Data And Review And Analysis Of Published Studies

Leslie M. Klevay, MD, John D. Bogden, PhD, Mordechay Aladjem, MD, Harold H. Sandstead, MD, Francis W. Kemp, BS, Wenjie Li, MD, Joan Skurnick, PhD and Abraham Aviv, MD

Hypertension Research Center of the Cardiovascular Research Institute of New Jersey (M.A., A.A.)
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health (J.D.B., F.W.K., W.L., J.S.), UMDNJ, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
USA Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks, Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, North Dakota (L.M.K.)
Department of Preventive Medicine and Community Health, University of Texas, Medical Branch Galveston, Texas (H.H.S.)


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Inter and intra-individual variability in fecal/urinary potassium and fecal otal (urinary + fecal) potassium excretion ratios for the 10 subjects of Phase 1 (fixed potassium intake) of the study. Subjects were stratified in descending order by the mean (horizontal lines) of the fecal/urinary potassium excretion ratio expressed as a percentage.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. The relationship between fecal and urinary potassium excretion of 10 subjects on a fixed potassium intake of 61.2 ± 4.70 mmol/day (Phase 1). The main figure depicts mean values, presented with weighted linear regression line, weighted correlation coefficient and p value. Horizontal lines within the main figure are standard error bars for fecal potassium excretion and vertical lines are standard error bars for urinary potassium excretion. The inset presents all observations. Each of the 10 subjects in the inset was assigned a different symbol that is identical to the symbol used for the subject in the main figure. The linear regression line based on multiple observations per individual and r (Pearson correlation coefficient) and p value of the linear regression are noted.

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Inter and intra-individual variability in fecal/urinary potassium and fecal otal (urinary + fecal) potassium excretion ratios for phase 2 (variable potassium intake) of the study. Subjects were stratified in descending order by the mean (horizontal lines) of the fecal/urinary potassium excretion ratio expressed as a percentage.

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. The relationship between fecal and urinary potassium excretion of subjects maintained on a variable potassium intake of 61–135 mmol/day (Phase 2). The main figure depicts mean values, presented with weighted linear regression line, weighted correlation coefficient and p value. The numbers above the points in the main figure are mmole/day of dietary potassium ingested by the subject; these values are provided for 12 of the 15 Phase 2 study subjects. Corresponding data for the remaining 3 subjects were not available. The Arrow denotes 2 coincident superimposed data points. The inset presents all observations. Each of the 15 subjects in the inset is assigned a different symbol, the same symbol used for that subject in the main figure. The linear regression line based on multiple observations per subject and r (Pearson correlation coefficient) and p value of the linear regression are noted.

 

Figure 5
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  		Fig. 5. Convergence of the linear regressions describing the relationships between fecal and urinary potassium excretions in phases 1 and 2 to a similar threshold of urinary potassium excretion (56.5–62.6 mmol/day). Dashed lines are extrapolations beyond the lowest data point for fecal and urinary potassium excretions. The threshold is a mean value reflecting inter-individual variation in the relationship between fecal and urinary potassium excretion. Above the threshold, a positive relation exists between fecal and urinary potassium excretions. Below the threshold, there is a robust negative correlation between fecal and urinary potassium excretions when subjects are maintained on a fixed potassium intake.

 




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