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Short-Term Supplementation with Plant Extracts Rich in Flavonoids Protect Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons in a Rat Model of Parkinson's Disease

Krishna P. Datla, PhD, Virginia Zbarsky, PhD, Deepal Rai, BSc, Shabnam Parkar, BSc, Naomi Osakabe, PhD, Okezie I. Aruoma, DSc and David T. Dexter, PhD

Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Division of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Charing Cross Campus (K.P.D., V.Z., D.R., S.P., D.D.)
The Food Research Centre, Department of Applied Science, London South Bank University (O.I.A.), London, UNITED KINGDOM
Meiji Seika Kaisha Limited, Food and Health R & D Laboratories (N.O.), Saitama, JAPAN
Department of Veterinary Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University (O.I.A.), Seoul, KOREA


Figure 1
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  		Fig. 1. Structures of main flavonoids present in the extracts.

 

Figure 2
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  		Fig. 2. Images of the dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta on the lesion side (a) and unlesioned side (b) of vehicle treated animals and on the lesioned side of animals treated with the extracts of tangerine peel (c), cocoa-2 (d), red clover (e), white (f) and red (g) grape seeds and cocoa-1 (h).

 

Figure 3
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  		Fig. 3. Percentage loss of dopaminergic cells in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) on the lesioned side compared to the unlesioned side in unilateral 6-OHDA (12µg) lesioned rats. Columns represent the mean ± SEM values. n = 6 per group. In the vehicle treated animals there were 135 ± 13 dopaminergic cells in the unlesioned SNpc. Open columns represent respective vehicle treated group. a) tangerine peel (filled column), b) cocoa-1 (vertical lines) and cocoa-2 (horizontal lines), c) red grape seed (backslash) and white grape seed (forward slash) and d) red clover (squares). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.005 vs. vehicle-treated group (unpaired Student's t-test).

 

Figure 4
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  		Fig. 4. Percentage loss of striatal dopamine on the lesioned side compared to the unlesioned side in unilateral 6-OHDA (12µg) lesioned rats. Columns represent the mean ± SEM values. n = 6 per group. In the vehicle treated animals, the dopamine levels in the unlesioned striata were 13.8 ± 0.5 ng/mg. Open columns represent respective vehicle treated group. a) tangerine peel (filled column), b) cocoa-1 (vertical lines) and cocoa-2 (horizontal lines), c) red grape seed (backslash) and white grape seed (forward slash) and d) red clover (squares). *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01 vs. vehicle-treated group (unpaired Student's t-test).

 




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