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Assessing Hydration Status: The Elusive Gold Standard

Human Performance Laboratory, Departments of Kinesiology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut

View larger version (39K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Body fluid compartments that comprise 42 L of total body water in a 70 kg human, and sources of fluid gain or loss. Modified and redrawn from reference 24.

View larger version (23K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Changes of body mass, plasma and urinary indices of hydration status during a 41-hour dehydration and rehydration protocol involving highly trained cyclists. Abbreviations: B, baseline state before testing; D, dehydration to –4% body mass; E, after cycling exercise to exhaustion; 4H, after 4 h of ad libitum rehydration; 21H, after 21 h of ad libitum rehydration. Reprinted from reference 20.

View larger version (65K): [in this window] [in a new window]   Fig. 3. The relationship between loss of body water (% decrease of body weight) and the change of plasma osmolality. Redrawn from reference 27. This graph represents the combined data from two studies [28,29].