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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 19, No. 1, 23-30 (2000)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Original Research

Low-Density Lipoprotein Subclass Distribution Pattern and Adiposity-Associated Dyslipidemia in Postmenopausal Women

Kevin C. Maki, PhD, Michael H. Davidson, MD, Mary Sue Cyrowski, RD, Ann C. Maki, MS, RD and Phyllis Marx, MD

Chicago Center for Clinical Research, Chicago, Illinois

Address reprint requests to: Kevin C. Maki, PhD, Chicago Center for Clinical Research, 515 North State Street, 27th Floor, Chicago, Illinois 60610

Objective: A predominance of small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles (subclass pattern B) is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease and is characterized by elevated triglycerides and depressed high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations. The present analysis was undertaken to assess the impact of LDL subclass distribution pattern and adiposity on serum lipids in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Anthropometric measurements and fasting lipid data were obtained from 254 postmenopausal women 70 years of age or younger, not receiving sex hormone replacement, who were participating in a clinical trial designed to assess the influence of hormone replacement regimens on coronary heart disease risk markers.

Results: The prevalence of LDL subclass pattern B was 32%. Triglyceride levels were higher and HDL cholesterol lower (both p<0.001) in women with pattern B vs. pattern A, but total and LDL cholesterol levels did not differ. LDL subclass pattern contributed independently to the variance in HDL cholesterol (p<0.001) and loge triglyceride (p<0.001) concentrations explained by anthropometric variables (waist circumference or body mass index). Compared to women with LDL subclass pattern A and waist circumference below the median value of 83.0 centimeters, those with pattern B and waist >=83.0 centimeters had markedly lower HDL cholesterol levels [44.0 (41.6–47.4) vs. 57.2 (54.1–60.3) mg/dL, mean (95% CI)] and increased triglyceride concentrations [geometric mean 147.8 (131.6–165.7) vs. 95.4 (88.2–102.5) mg/dL].

Conclusions: These data suggest that adiposity and LDL subclass distribution pattern are independent determinants of plasma triglyceride and HDL cholesterol concentrations in postmenopausal women.

Key words: lipoproteins, hyperlipidemia, obesity, body fat distribution

Abbreviations: BMI=body mass index • EPAT=Eating Pattern Assessment Tool • HDL=high-density lipoprotein • LDL=low-density lipoprotein • Loge=natural logarithm • MET=metabolic equivalents






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