| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
Review |
Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
Address correspondence to: Frederick L. Crane, Ph D, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.
Coenzyme Q is well defined as a crucial component of the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria which converts the energy in carbohydrates and fatty acids into ATP to drive cellular machinery and synthesis. New roles for coenzyme Q in other cellular functions are only becoming recognized. The new aspects have developed from the recognition that coenzyme Q can undergo oxidation/reduction reactions in other cell membranes such as lysosomes, Golgi or plasma membranes. In mitochondria and lysosomes, coenzyme Q undergoes reduction/oxidation cycles during which it transfers protons across the membrane to form a proton gradient. The presence of high concentrations of quinol in all membranes provides a basis for antioxidant action either by direct reaction with radicals or by regeneration of tocopherol and ascorbate. Evidence for a function in redox control of cell signaling and gene expression is developing from studies on coenzyme Q stimulation of cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, control of thiol groups, formation of hydrogen peroxide and control of membrane channels. Deficiency of coenzyme Q has been described based on failure of biosynthesis caused by gene mutation, inhibition of biosynthesis by HMG coA reductase inhibitors (statins) or for unknown reasons in ageing and cancer. Correction of deficiency requires supplementation with higher levels of coenzyme Q than are available in the diet.
Key words: energy coupling, antioxidant, transmembrane signaling, gene expression
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  R. Constantinescu, M. P. McDermott, R. DiCenzo, E. A. de Blieck, H. C. Hyson, M. F. Beal, E. M. Bednarczyk, M. Bogdanov, L. J. Metakis, S. E. Browne, et al. A Randomized Study of the Bioavailability of Different Formulations of Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) J. Clin. Pharmacol., December 1, 2007; 47(12): 1580 - 1586. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Branicky, P. A. T. Nguyen, and S. Hekimi Uncoupling the Pleiotropic Phenotypes of clk-1 with tRNA Missense Suppressors in Caenorhabditis elegans Mol. Cell. Biol., May 15, 2006; 26(10): 3976 - 3985. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 H. B. Levy and H. K Kohlhaas Considerations for Supplementing with Coenzyme Q10 During Statin Therapy Ann. Pharmacother., February 1, 2006; 40(2): 290 - 294. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
K. A Weant and K. M Smith The Role of Coenzyme Q10 in Heart Failure Ann. Pharmacother., September 1, 2005; 39(9): 1522 - 1526. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 C. M. Quinzii, A. G. Kattah, A. Naini, H. O. Akman, V. K. Mootha, S. DiMauro, and M. Hirano Coenzyme Q deficiency and cerebellar ataxia associated with an aprataxin mutation Neurology, February 8, 2005; 64(3): 539 - 541. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 L. Roffe, K. Schmidt, and E. Ernst Efficacy of Coenzyme Q10 for Improved Tolerability of Cancer Treatments: A Systematic Review J. Clin. Oncol., November 1, 2004; 22(21): 4418 - 4424. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 R. Stocker and J. F. Keaney Jr. Role of Oxidative Modifications in Atherosclerosis Physiol Rev, October 1, 2004; 84(4): 1381 - 1478. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 G.T. Chew and G.F. Watts Coenzyme Q10 and diabetic endotheliopathy: oxidative stress and the 'recoupling hypothesis' QJM, August 1, 2004; 97(8): 537 - 548. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. Valgimigli, E. Merli, P. Malagutti, O. Soukhomovskaia, G. Cicchitelli, A. Antelli, D. Canistro, G. Francolini, G. Macri, F. Mastrorilli, et al. Hydroxyl radical generation, levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and progression to heart failure after acute myocardial infarction J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., June 2, 2004; 43(11): 2000 - 2008. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 T. Rundek, A. Naini, R. Sacco, K. Coates, and S. DiMauro Atorvastatin Decreases the Coenzyme Q10 Level in the Blood of Patients at Risk for Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke Arch Neurol, June 1, 2004; 61(6): 889 - 892. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 S. W. Baba, G. I. Belogrudov, J. C. Lee, P. T. Lee, J. Strahan, J. N. Shepherd, and C. F. Clarke Yeast Coq5 C-Methyltransferase Is Required for Stability of Other Polypeptides Involved in Coenzyme Q Biosynthesis J. Biol. Chem., March 12, 2004; 279(11): 10052 - 10059. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Jonassen, D. E. Davis, P. L. Larsen, and C. F. Clarke Reproductive Fitness and Quinone Content of Caenorhabditis elegans clk-1 Mutants Fed Coenzyme Q Isoforms of Varying Length J. Biol. Chem., December 19, 2003; 278(51): 51735 - 51742. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Jonassen, B. N. Marbois, K. F. Faull, C. F. Clarke, and P. L. Larsen Development and Fertility in Caenorhabditis elegans clk-1 Mutants Depend upon Transport of Dietary Coenzyme Q8 to Mitochondria J. Biol. Chem., November 15, 2002; 277(47): 45020 - 45027. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 O. Ogawa, X. Zhu, G. Perry, and M. A. Smith Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Oxidative Imbalance in Neurodegenerative Disease Sci. Aging Knowl. Environ., October 16, 2002; 2002(41): pe16 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
