| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
REVIEW |
Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
Address reprint requests to: Simin Liu, MD, ScD, Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard School of Medicine, 900 Commonwealth Ave., Boston, MA 02215. sliu{at}rics.bwh.harvard.edu
Recent survey data indicate that more than 50% of all adult Americans are overweight or obese. In parallel with this epidemic of weight gain in the general population, the incidence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is rapidly rising. Although their precise contributions are unclear, dietary factors are thought to affect body weight and the development of insulin resistance. Recent epidemiological data indicate that diets rich in high-fiber whole grains are associated with lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) and type 2 DM. These data are consistent with results from recent metabolic experiments, suggesting favorable lipid profiles and glycemic control associated with higher intake of whole grains, but not with refined grains. It seems prudent, therefore, to distinguish whole-grain rather than refined-grain cereal products for the prevention of chronic diseases.
Key words: obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease, whole grains, dietary carbohydrate, dietary fat, fiber, dietary glycemic index
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  F. Imamura, A. H Lichtenstein, G. E Dallal, J. B Meigs, and P. F Jacques Generalizability of dietary patterns associated with incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2009; 90(4): 1075 - 1083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 J. M. Chan, F. Wang, and E. A. Holly Whole Grains and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in a Large Population-based Case-Control Study in the San Francisco Bay Area, California Am. J. Epidemiol., November 15, 2007; 166(10): 1174 - 1185. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 F. B. Hu Diet and Cardiovascular Disease Prevention: The Need for a Paradigm Shift J. Am. Coll. Cardiol., July 3, 2007; 50(1): 22 - 24. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Schulze, M. Schulz, C. Heidemann, A. Schienkiewitz, K. Hoffmann, and H. Boeing Fiber and Magnesium Intake and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Study and Meta-analysis Arch Intern Med, May 14, 2007; 167(9): 956 - 965. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. M. Hodge, D. R. English, K. O'Dea, and G. G. Giles Dietary Patterns and Diabetes Incidence in the Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study Am. J. Epidemiol., March 15, 2007; 165(6): 603 - 610. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 D. B. Panagiotakos, N. Tzima, C. Pitsavos, C. Chrysohoou, A. Zampelas, D. Toussoulis, and C. Stefanadis The Association between Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet and Fasting Indices of Glucose Homoeostasis: The ATTICA Study J. Am. Coll. Nutr., February 1, 2007; 26(1): 32 - 38. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. D Motton, N. L Keim, F. A Tenorio, W. F Horn, and J. C Rutledge Postprandial monocyte activation in response to meals with high and low glycemic loads in overweight women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2007; 85(1): 60 - 65. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Hare-Bruun, A. Flint, and B. L Heitmann Glycemic index and glycemic load in relation to changes in body weight, body fat distribution, and body composition in adult Danes. Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2006; 84(4): 871 - 879. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K Jensen, P. Koh-Banerjee, M. Franz, L. Sampson, M. Gronbaek, and E. B Rimm Whole grains, bran, and germ in relation to homocysteine and markers of glycemic control, lipids, and inflammation 1 Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, February 1, 2006; 83(2): 275 - 283. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. A. Bazzano, M. Serdula, and S. Liu Prevention of Type 2 Diabetes by Diet and Lifestyle Modification J. Am. Coll. Nutr., October 1, 2005; 24(5): 310 - 319. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. K Jensen, P. Koh-Banerjee, F. B Hu, M. Franz, L. Sampson, M. Gronbaek, and E. B Rimm Intakes of whole grains, bran, and germ and the risk of coronary heart disease in men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, December 1, 2004; 80(6): 1492 - 1499. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Koh-Banerjee, M. Franz, L. Sampson, S. Liu, D. R Jacobs Jr, D. Spiegelman, W. Willett, and E. Rimm Changes in whole-grain, bran, and cereal fiber consumption in relation to 8-y weight gain among men Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2004; 80(5): 1237 - 1245. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
T. Wu, E. Giovannucci, T. Pischon, S. E Hankinson, J. Ma, N. Rifai, and E. B Rimm Fructose, glycemic load, and quantity and quality of carbohydrate in relation to plasma C-peptide concentrations in US women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, October 1, 2004; 80(4): 1043 - 1049. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 A. Drewnowski, N. Darmon, and A. Briend Replacing Fats and Sweets With Vegetables and Fruits--A Question of Cost Am J Public Health, September 1, 2004; 94(9): 1555 - 1559. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. B Schulze, S. Liu, E. B Rimm, J. E Manson, W. C Willett, and F. B Hu Glycemic index, glycemic load, and dietary fiber intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes in younger and middle-aged women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, August 1, 2004; 80(2): 348 - 356. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 M. B. Schulze and F. B. Hu Dietary Approaches to Prevent the Metabolic Syndrome: Quality versus quantity of carbohydrates Diabetes Care, February 1, 2004; 27(2): 613 - 614. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Drewnowski and S. Specter Poverty and obesity: the role of energy density and energy costs Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, January 1, 2004; 79(1): 6 - 16. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Liu, W. C Willett, J. E Manson, F. B Hu, B. Rosner, and G. Colditz Relation between changes in intakes of dietary fiber and grain products and changes in weight and development of obesity among middle-aged women Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, November 1, 2003; 78(5): 920 - 927. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Liu Whole-grain foods, dietary fiber, and type 2 diabetes: searching for a kernel of truth Am. J. Clinical Nutrition, March 1, 2003; 77(3): 527 - 529. [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
