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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 23, No. 1, 79-84 (2004)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Original Research

Validation of Bone Mass and Body Composition Measurements in Small Subjects with Pencil Beam Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry

Winston W. K. Koo, MBBS, FRACP, FACN, Mouhanad Hammami, MD and Elaine M. Hockman, PhD

Departments of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology (W. W. K. K., M. H.)
Computing and Information Technology (E. M. H.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan

Address correspondence to: Dr. Winston Koo, Hutzel Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, 4707 St. Antoine Blvd, Detroit MI 48201. e-mail: wkoo{at}wayne.edu

Objective: To validate the most widely reported dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) technique for the measurement of bone mass and body composition in human infants with a piglet model.

Methods: Duplicate scans were obtained in 13 piglets (1950g to 21100g) using a whole body densitometer (Hologic QDR 2000 plus, Hologic Inc., Waltham, MA) operated in the pencil-beam mode on a two platform (aluminum platform overlying a foam table pad) system. DXA measurements that included total weight, bone mineral content, fat and lean mass were compared with carcass weight and chemical analysis for ash and calcium content, fat and lean mass.

Results: Measurements from duplicate DXA scans were nearly perfectly correlated (r = 0.98 to 1.00). DXA measurements were strongly predictive of scale weight and chemical composition for all piglets (adjusted r2 = 0.93 to 1.00, intraclass reliability coefficients = 0.943 to 0.999, p < 0.001 for all comparisons) although DXA bone mineral content consistently underestimated carcass ash and calcium content. Measured values from heavier piglets were not significantly different from values predicted from the lighter piglets’ data. Slopes from regression based on lighter versus heavier piglets were not significantly different except for the bone mineral content with carcass ash or calcium content.

Conclusion: Our study validated the use of pencil beam DXA and its ability to determine relative changes in bone mass and body composition measurements over a much greater range of body weight than previous reports although its use as a direct indicator of nutrient requirement may be limited.

Key words: pig, ash, calcium, fat, lean tissue, bone




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