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Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Vol. 23, No. 5, 510S-513S (2004)
Published by the American College of Nutrition

Magnesium, Insulin Resistance and Body Composition in Healthy Postmenopausal Women

Maria J. Laires, PhD, Helena Moreira, PhD, Cristina P. Monteiro, Luis Sardinha, PhD, F. Limão, Luisa Veiga, Alice Gonçalves, A. Ferreira and Manuel Bicho, MD

Biochemistry Laboratory (M.J.L., C.P.M., F.L., A.F.), PORTUGAL
Exercise and Health Laboratory (L.S., A.G.), PORTUGAL
Faculty of Human Movement, U.T.L., Cruz Quebrada, Sports Department, University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real (H.M.), PORTUGAL
U.T.L., Lisbon’s School of Health Technologies (L.V.), PORTUGAL
Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, U.L., Lisboa (M.B.), PORTUGAL

Address reprint requests to: Prof. Dra. Maria José Laires, Laboratório de Bioquímica, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, Estrada de Costa 1495-688 Cruz Quebrada, PORTUGAL. E-mail: mjlaires{at}fmh.utl.pt

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the association between magnesium (Mg), body composition and insulin resistance in 136 sedentary postmenopausal women, 50 to 77 years of age.

Methods: Diabetics, hypertensives and women on hormonal replacement therapy were excluded and the remaining 74 were divided according to BMI≥25 (obese: OG) and BMI<25 kg/m2 (non-obese: NOG). Nutritional data disclosed that intakes were high for protein and saturated fat, low for carbohydrates, polyunsaturated fat and Mg and normal for the other nutrients, according to recommended dietary allowances (RDA). Mg values in red blood cells (RBC-Mg) and plasma (P-Mg), were determined, as were fasting glucose, and insulin levels, Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA), body mass index (BMI), body fat percent (BF %), abdominal fat (AF) and free fat mass (FFM).

Results: RBC-Mg values were low in both groups when compared with normal values. There were significant differences in body composition parameters, HOMA and insulin levels, with higher basal insulin levels in OG. RBC-Mg was directly correlated with insulin, HOMA and FFM in both groups, according to Pearson correlations. HOMA in OG was also directly correlated with BMI, FFM and AF. In NOG, HOMA was only correlated with FFM. The low RBC-Mg levels observed were probably due to low Mg intake and to deregulation of factors that control Mg homeostasis during menopause.

Conclusions: Both Mg deficit and obesity may independently lead to a higher risk for insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease.

Key words: rbc Mg, serum Mg, Mg deficiency, insulin resistance, body composition, postmenopause, fat-distribution, obesity




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