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Research and Development Center, CALPIS Co., Ltd., Sagamihara, Kanagawa (K.A., Y.N.), JAPAN
Center for Health Care, Osaka University of Foreign Studies, Mino, Osaka (O.K.), JAPAN
Third Department of Internal Medicine, Okayama University Medical School, Okayama, Okayama (H.H.), JAPAN
Institute of General Medical Science, Toyonaka, Osaka (R.T.), JAPAN
Address reprint requests to: Kotaro Aihara, M.Sc., Research and Development Center, CALPIS Co., Ltd., 5-11-10, Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-0006, JAPAN. E-mail: koutarou.aihara{at}calpis.co.jp
Objective: Two tripeptides (Val-Pro-Pro and Ile-Pro-Pro) that have inhibitory activities for angiotensin I-converting enzyme are produced in milk fermented with Lactobacillus helveticus. In this study we evaluated the effect and safety of powdered fermented milk with L. helveticus CM4 on subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension.
Methods: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted using 40 subjects with high-normal blood pressure (HN group) and 40 subjects with mild hypertension (MH group). Each subject ingested 6 test tablets (12 g) containing powdered fermented milk with L. helveticus CM4 daily for 4 weeks (test group) or the same amount of placebo tablets for 4 weeks (placebo group).
Results: During treatment, the decrease in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the test group tended to be greater than in the placebo group for both blood pressure groups. At the end of treatment (week 4), a significant decrease in DBP in the HN group was observed (i.e. 5.0 mm Hg (0.1, 9.9; p = 0.04) compared with the placebo group). There was no significant change in SBP (3.2 mm Hg (95% CI –2.6, 8.9; p = 0.27). In the MH group, SBP decreased by 11.2 mm Hg (4.0, 18.4; p = 0.003) and there was a statistically non-significant decrease in DBP of 6.5 mm Hg (–0.1, 13.0; p = 0.055) compared with the placebo group. No marked changes were observed in other indexes, including pulse rate, body weight and blood serum variables, and no adverse effects attributed to the treatment was found in each group.
Conclusions: Daily ingestion of the tablets containing powdered fermented milk with L. helveticus CM4 in subjects with high-normal blood pressure or mild hypertension reduces elevated blood pressure without any adverse effects.
Key words: antihypertensive effects, high-normal blood pressure, mild hypertension, Lactobacillus helveticus, tripeptide
Abbreviations: VPP = Val-Pro-Pro • IPP = Ile-Pro-Pro • ACE = angiotensin I-converting enzyme • SHR = spontaneously hypertensive rat • SBP = systolic blood pressure • DBP = diastolic blood pressure • HN = high normal blood pressure • MH = mild hypertension • BMI = body mass index • ANOVA = analysis of variance
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