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Comparison of Low-Fat Meal and High-Fat Meal on Postprandial Lipemic Response in Non-Obese Men according to the –1131T>C Polymorphism of the Apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) Gene (Randomized Cross-Over Design)

Yonsei University Research Institute of Science for Aging (J.Y.K., O.Y.K., S.J.K., Y.J., J.H.L.)
Division of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Genome Center, Yonsei Medical Institute (Y.J.)
Dept. of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology (J.H.L.)
Yonsei University, R&D Center, Maeil Dairy Industry Co., Ltd. (S.-S.Y.), Seoul, KOREA
Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA, Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts (J.M.O.)

Address reprint requests to: Jong Ho Lee, Ph.D., R.D., Department of Food & Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, 134, Shinchon-Ding, Sudaemun-Gu, Seoul, 120-749, KOREA. E-mail: jhleeb{at}yonsei.ac.kr

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare low-fat (LF) meal and high-fat (HF) meal on the postprandial lipemic responses according to the –1131T>C polymorphism of the APOA5 gene in a population usually consuming a LF diet and having a high frequency of the variant allele at the APOA5 –1131T>C SNP.

Methods: This study was conducted using a cross-over design and 49 non-obese healthy men (42.8 ± 0.7 yrs, 23.9 ± 0.25 kg/m²) participated in the meal tolerance test. They were randomly assigned to consume one of two types of experimental enteral formulae (LF vs HF) with a seven-day interval. Blood samples were collected at 0, 2, 3, 4 and 6h after ingestion and analyzed for total and chylomicron TG, glucose, insulin and free fatty acid.

Results: No differences were found in anthropometic parameter, calorie and macronutrient intakes and total energy expenditure between TT (n = 23) and TC + CC (n = 26) men. Fasting total TG were higher in TC + CC men than TT men, but fasting chylomicron TG were not significantly different between TT men and C carriers, TT subjects had no significant differences in postprandial responses of total TG and chylomicron TG and postprandial mean changes of chylomicron TG between LF and HF meal. On the other hand, C carriers had delayed peak time of total TG compared to TT subject and higher postprandial response and mean changes of chylomicron TG at HF meal compared to LF meal.

Conclusion: The capacity to clear chylomicron-TG or hydrolyze TG might become a rate-limiting factor on HF diet in TC + CC men resulting in higher postprandial triglyceridemia. Therefore, HF diet for C carriers of the APOA5 gene may be one of important CVD risk factors.

Key words: APOA5, C carrier, high fat meal, postprandial lipemic response

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