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Role of Sodium in Fluid Homeostasis with Exercise

Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health & Human Performance, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Sodium balance at the end of 4-hr cycling exercise in 20C (dry-bulb) environment. Trials were repeated with ingestion of 3.85 L of an 8% carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage with either 5, 50, or 100 mmol/L sodium concentration. Adapted from Sanders et al. [13].

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Plasma sodium concentration before and after 3-hr exercise in 34C (dry bulb) environment with ingestion of either plain water to match fluid loss or a commercial carbohydrate-electrolyte beverage to match fluid loss. Adapted from Vrijens and Rehrer [24].

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Percent recovery of fluid balance during a 5.5-hr rehydration period in which fluid was ingested at a volume equal to 150% of the fluid deficit that was incurred. Rehydration was compared between beverages containing 2–100 mmol/L sodium. Adapted from Maughan and Leiper [39].

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Percent recovery of fluid balance during 6-hr rehydration period in which both volume and sodium concentration of beverage were varied. Adapted from Shirreffs et al. [41].